FiFo: Fishbone Forwarding in Massive IoT Networks

Massive Internet of Things (IoT) networks have a wide range applications, including but not limited to the rapid delivery emergency and disaster messages. Although various benchmark algorithms been developed date for message in such they pose several practical challenges, as insufficient network coverage and/or highly redundant transmissions expand area, resulting considerable energy consumption each IoT device. To overcome this problem, we first characterize new performance metric, forwarding efficiency, which is defined ratio probability average number per device, evaluate data dissemination more appropriately. Then, propose novel effective method, fishbone (FiFo), aims improve efficiency with acceptable computational complexity. Our FiFo method completes two tasks: 1) it clusters devices based on unweighed pair group arithmetic 2) creates main axis subaxes cluster using both expectation-maximization algorithm Gaussian mixture model principal component analysis. We demonstrate superiority by real-world set. Through intensive comprehensive simulations, show that proposed outperforms terms efficiency.